Blockchain has empowered computer systems to be more secure using a distributed network. However, the current blockchain design suffers from fairness issues in transaction ordering. Miners are able to reorder transactions to generate profits, the so-called miner extractable value (MEV). Existing research recognizes MEV as a severe security issue and proposes potential solutions, including prominent Flashbots. However, previous studies have mostly analyzed blockchain data, which might not capture the impacts of MEV in a much broader AI society. Thus, in this research, we applied natural language processing (NLP) methods to comprehensively analyze topics in tweets on MEV. We collected more than 20000 tweets with \#MEV and \#Flashbots hashtags and analyzed their topics. Our results show that the tweets discussed profound topics of ethical concern, including security, equity, emotional sentiments, and the desire for solutions to MEV. We also identify the co-movements of MEV activities on blockchain and social media platforms. Our study contributes to the literature at the interface of blockchain security, MEV solutions, and AI ethics.

从X射线冠状动脉造影（XCA）图像序列中提取对比度的血管对于直觉诊断和治疗具有重要的临床意义。在这项研究中，XCA图像序列O被认为是三维张量输入，血管层H是稀疏张量，而背景层B是低级别张量。使用张量核标准（TNN）最小化，提出了一种基于张量的强稳定主成分分析（TRPCA）的新型血管层提取方法。此外，考虑了血管的不规则运动和周围无关组织的动态干扰，引入了总变化（TV）正规化时空约束，以分离动态背景E。 - 阶段区域生长（TSRG）方法用于血管增强和分割。全局阈值分割用作获得主分支的预处理，并使用ra样特征（RLF）滤波器来增强和连接破碎的小段，最终的容器掩模是通过结合两个中间结果来构建的。我们评估了TV-TRPCA算法的前景提取的可见性以及TSRG算法在真实临床XCA图像序列和第三方数据库上的血管分割的准确性。定性和定量结果都验证了所提出的方法比现有的最新方法的优越性。

本文回顾了AIM 2022上压缩图像和视频超级分辨率的挑战。这项挑战包括两条曲目。轨道1的目标是压缩图像的超分辨率，轨迹〜2靶向压缩视频的超分辨率。在轨道1中，我们使用流行的数据集DIV2K作为培训，验证和测试集。在轨道2中，我们提出了LDV 3.0数据集，其中包含365个视频，包括LDV 2.0数据集（335个视频）和30个其他视频。在这一挑战中，有12支球队和2支球队分别提交了赛道1和赛道2的最终结果。所提出的方法和解决方案衡量了压缩图像和视频上超分辨率的最先进。提出的LDV 3.0数据集可在https://github.com/renyang-home/ldv_dataset上找到。此挑战的首页是在https://github.com/renyang-home/aim22_compresssr。

旨在为通用机器人铺平道路的边界研究，视觉和语言导航（VLN）一直是计算机视觉和自然语言处理社区的热门话题。 VLN任务要求代理在不熟悉的环境中按照自然语言说明导航到目标位置。最近，基于变压器的模型已在VLN任务上获得了重大改进。由于变压器体系结构中的注意力机制可以更好地整合视觉和语言的模式内和模式信息。但是，当前基于变压器的模型中存在两个问题。 1）模型独立处理每个视图，而无需考虑对象的完整性。 2）在视觉模态的自我注意操作期间，在空间上遥远的视图可以彼此交织而无需明确的限制。这种混合可能会引入额外的噪音而不是有用的信息。为了解决这些问题，我们建议1）基于插槽注意的模块，以合并来自同一对象的分割的信息。 2）局部注意力掩模机制限制视觉注意力跨度。所提出的模块可以轻松地插入任何VLN体系结构中，我们将复发的VLN-Bert用作基本模型。 R2R数据集的实验表明，我们的模型已达到最新结果。

该点扩散函数（PSF）在许多计算成像应用中起着至关重要的作用，例如焦点/散焦，深度估计和荧光显微镜的形状。但是，散焦过程的数学模型尚不清楚。在这项工作中，我们开发了一种替代方法来估计点扩散函数的精确数学模型来描述散焦过程。我们首先得出PSF的数学算法，该算法用于生成不同的焦点深度的模拟聚焦图像。然后，我们计算模拟的聚焦图像与真实聚焦图像之间的相似性损耗函数，在该图像中，我们根据Docus直方图设计了一种新颖有效的度量，以评估聚焦图像之间的差异。在解决损耗函数的最小值后，这意味着我们找到了PSF的最佳参数。我们还构建了一个由聚焦系统和结构化的光系统组成的硬件系统，以获取全焦点图像，具有相应焦点深度的聚焦图像以及相同视图中的深度图。作为数据集的三种类型的图像用于获得精确的PSF。我们对标准平面和实际对象的实验表明，所提出的算法可以准确描述散焦过程。通过评估实际集中图像之间的差异，即我们的算法生成的焦点图像，即其他人生成的焦点图像，进一步证明了我们算法的准确性。结果表明，我们算法的损失平均比其他算法少40％。

培训RGB-D突出物体检测（SOD）的深层模型通常需要大量标记的RGB-D图像。然而，不容易获取RGB-D数据，这限制了RGB-D SOD技术的发展。为了减轻这个问题，我们介绍了双半RGB-D突出物体检测网络（DS-Net），以利用未标记的RGB图像来提高RGB-D显着性检测。我们首先设计了深度去耦卷积神经网络（DDCNN），其包含深度估计分支和显着性检测分支。深度估计分支用RGB-D图像训练，然后用于估计所有未标记的RGB图像的伪深度映射以形成配对数据。显着性检测分支用于熔断RGB特征和深度特征以预测RGB-D显着性。然后，整个DDCNN被分配为师生学生框架中的骨干，用于半监督学习。此外，我们还引入了对未标记数据的中间注意力和显着性图的一致性损失，以及标记数据的监督深度和显着性损失。七种广泛使用的基准数据集上的实验结果表明，我们的DDCNN定量和定性地优于最先进的方法。我们还证明，即使在使用具有伪深度图的RGB图像时，我们的半监控DS-Net也可以进一步提高性能。

Despite significant progress in object categorization, in recent years, a number of important challenges remain; mainly, the ability to learn from limited labeled data and to recognize object classes within large, potentially open, set of labels. Zero-shot learning is one way of addressing these challenges, but it has only been shown to work with limited sized class vocabularies and typically requires separation between supervised and unsupervised classes, allowing former to inform the latter but not vice versa. We propose the notion of vocabulary-informed learning to alleviate the above mentioned challenges and address problems of supervised, zero-shot, generalized zero-shot and open set recognition using a unified framework. Specifically, we propose a weighted maximum margin framework for semantic manifold-based recognition that incorporates distance constraints from (both supervised and unsupervised) vocabulary atoms. Distance constraints ensure that labeled samples are projected closer to their correct prototypes, in the embedding space, than to others. We illustrate that resulting model shows improvements in supervised, zero-shot, generalized zero-shot, and large open set recognition, with up to 310K class vocabulary on Animal with Attributes and ImageNet datasets.

Driven by improved architectures and better representation learning frameworks, the field of visual recognition has enjoyed rapid modernization and performance boost in the early 2020s. For example, modern ConvNets, represented by ConvNeXt, have demonstrated strong performance in various scenarios. While these models were originally designed for supervised learning with ImageNet labels, they can also potentially benefit from self-supervised learning techniques such as masked autoencoders (MAE). However, we found that simply combining these two approaches leads to subpar performance. In this paper, we propose a fully convolutional masked autoencoder framework and a new Global Response Normalization (GRN) layer that can be added to the ConvNeXt architecture to enhance inter-channel feature competition. This co-design of self-supervised learning techniques and architectural improvement results in a new model family called ConvNeXt V2, which significantly improves the performance of pure ConvNets on various recognition benchmarks, including ImageNet classification, COCO detection, and ADE20K segmentation. We also provide pre-trained ConvNeXt V2 models of various sizes, ranging from an efficient 3.7M-parameter Atto model with 76.7% top-1 accuracy on ImageNet, to a 650M Huge model that achieves a state-of-the-art 88.9% accuracy using only public training data.

A noisy training set usually leads to the degradation of the generalization and robustness of neural networks. In this paper, we propose a novel theoretically guaranteed clean sample selection framework for learning with noisy labels. Specifically, we first present a Scalable Penalized Regression (SPR) method, to model the linear relation between network features and one-hot labels. In SPR, the clean data are identified by the zero mean-shift parameters solved in the regression model. We theoretically show that SPR can recover clean data under some conditions. Under general scenarios, the conditions may be no longer satisfied; and some noisy data are falsely selected as clean data. To solve this problem, we propose a data-adaptive method for Scalable Penalized Regression with Knockoff filters (Knockoffs-SPR), which is provable to control the False-Selection-Rate (FSR) in the selected clean data. To improve the efficiency, we further present a split algorithm that divides the whole training set into small pieces that can be solved in parallel to make the framework scalable to large datasets. While Knockoffs-SPR can be regarded as a sample selection module for a standard supervised training pipeline, we further combine it with a semi-supervised algorithm to exploit the support of noisy data as unlabeled data. Experimental results on several benchmark datasets and real-world noisy datasets show the effectiveness of our framework and validate the theoretical results of Knockoffs-SPR. Our code and pre-trained models will be released.

In this tutorial paper, we look into the evolution and prospect of network architecture and propose a novel conceptual architecture for the 6th generation (6G) networks. The proposed architecture has two key elements, i.e., holistic network virtualization and pervasive artificial intelligence (AI). The holistic network virtualization consists of network slicing and digital twin, from the aspects of service provision and service demand, respectively, to incorporate service-centric and user-centric networking. The pervasive network intelligence integrates AI into future networks from the perspectives of networking for AI and AI for networking, respectively. Building on holistic network virtualization and pervasive network intelligence, the proposed architecture can facilitate three types of interplay, i.e., the interplay between digital twin and network slicing paradigms, between model-driven and data-driven methods for network management, and between virtualization and AI, to maximize the flexibility, scalability, adaptivity, and intelligence for 6G networks. We also identify challenges and open issues related to the proposed architecture. By providing our vision, we aim to inspire further discussions and developments on the potential architecture of 6G.